EU reaches historic agreement on world's first comprehensive AI rules

European Union negotiators have reached a historic deal that prepares the world's first global artificial intelligence (AI) rules. This groundbreaking agreement will provide legal oversight for generative AI services, such as ChatGPT, which have become increasingly prevalent in recent times. The agreement was reached after overcoming significant differences over generative AI and police use of facial recognition.

The European Parliament and the bloc's 27 member countries have signed a provisional political agreement for the Artificial Intelligence Law. However, details of the law remain undisclosed and it will not come into effect until at least 2025. The EU has been a pioneer in setting AI regulations, having submitted the first draft of the its regulation in 2021.

The recent surge in generative AI has prompted European officials to revise a proposal that is expected to serve as a global model. Generative AI systems such as OpenAI's ChatGPT have impressed users with their ability to generate text, photos and songs. However, they have also raised concerns about job security, privacy and copyright protection.

Other global powers such as the US, UK, China and international groups such as the G7 are also developing their own AI regulations, but lag behind Europe. The final version of the EU AI Act requires the approval of the bloc's 705 politicians before it can be enacted, a vote that is expected to be a formality.

The AI ​​Act was originally designed to address the risks posed by specific AI functions based on their level of risk, from low to unacceptable. However, policymakers have pushed to expand it to core models, which are the advanced systems that underpin general-purpose AI services such as ChatGPT and Google's Bard chatbot.

The most controversial topic was AI-powered facial recognition surveillance systems. A compromise was reached after intense negotiations. European politicians called for a total ban on public use of facial scanning and other “remote biometric identification” systems over privacy concerns. However, member country governments wanted exceptions for law enforcement to use these systems to combat serious crimes, such as child sexual exploitation or terrorist attacks.

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